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Feature: Ancient grottoes in southwest China survive, thrive via innovative measures

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The meeting between 100,000 millennium-old cliff carvings and modern technologies, like 3D scanning and holographic projection, has proved a fruitful interaction between past and present in Anyue County, southwest China’s Sichuan Province.

Previously, people had to venture into the deep countryside to witness these cultural relics from the Tang and Song dynasties. Today, a 7.13-hectare digital exhibition center makes the carvings more accessible to visitors.

In the exhibition hall at this center, innovative technologies such as mapping projection, gesture sensing, brainwave interaction and AI algorithms breathe vivid new life into age-old Buddhas and murals. Notably, a four-panel immersive cinema and a 3D-8K dome theater offer visitors excellent audiovisual experiences.

Since its trial operation in May this year, the Anyue Grottoes Digital Exhibition Center, a culture-and-tourism complex dedicated to digital conservation, display and interaction of grottoes, has already drawn more than 150,000 visitors — with daily visits topping 3,000 during the 2025 summer holiday period.

« Anyue enjoys exceptional geography and geology, » said a staff member at the Anyue Grottoes Digital Exhibition Center.

Rolling hills dominate the landscape in Anyue, and the bedrock is mostly light-brown or grey sandstone of moderate hardness, which is widely distributed. The county also has abundant resources when it comes to gravel and cliffs. All these characteristics are very suitable for large-scale stone carvings.

Anyue is home to nearly 500 grotto-temple sites — ten of which are listed as national key cultural relics protection sites — and hosts more than 100,000 cliff carvings and almost 400,000 characters featured in cliff sutras.

Hailed by scholars as the pinnacle of China’s late-period grotto art endeavors and the definitive example of southern Chinese grottoes, the Anyue grottoes have been inscribed on China’s national list of intangible cultural heritage.

« Every township here has grotto statues, » said Xie Yang, head of the Anyue Grottoes Research Institute. However, these grottoes face risks posed by water damage, weathering and fissures.

Carved into red sandstone, the Anyue grottoes are highly vulnerable to weathering and erosion. Compounded by southern China’s humid climate, the grottoes have long been plagued by destructive natural factors such as water runoff, invasive root systems and wind abrasion.

Many of the grotto temples across the county are located in remote rural areas and hills — posing huge challenges in terms of daily inspection, protection, management and the coverage of protective facilities, according to Xie.

In 2018, the county issued a local regulation to protect the grottoes. Over the years, Anyue has carried out more than 20 cross-departmental inspections and eliminated three major hidden dangers in the cases of facilities which had collapsed or been damaged due to years of disrepair.

The county has also cooperated with Peking University, Zhejiang University and Sichuan University in carrying out archaeological investigations and research to enhance scientific capabilities and technical levels regarding protection and utilization of grottoes.

The protection of grottoes is an interdisciplinary project, said Xie. « Thus we must establish a multidisciplinary cooperation mechanism pooling the talent of petrology, history and archaeology. »

Xie said her institute has employed 17 researchers with master’s degrees and four university graduates majoring in cultural relics.

« We have about 3,500 guardians of cultural relics, » Xie revealed. « And we make sure that every grotto site has a guardian. »

Additionally, Anyue has set up a dedicated fund for the conservation of grotto relics and rolled out a comprehensive security upgrade, equipping 177 key grotto-temple sites with round-the-clock video surveillance.

Anyue has promised to continue its tech-driven conservation efforts, including the use of high-precision 3D scanning and digital modeling.

« We will also establish a database for the grotto temples, in order to create permanent digital archives for cultural relics that can be used for exhibition, monitoring and virtual restoration, » Xie noted.

She disclosed that they are making preparations for micro-trace extraction to be applied to the sutras.

Some of the digital achievements of Anyue’s grotto protection efforts will be showcased on a mini-program by the end of this year, allowing netizens to explore these stone masterpieces up close, Xie added. 

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Jointly Building a New Model of Global Leadership — Work Together in Pursuit of a More Just and Rational Global Governance System

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Global South media, think tank forum to open in South Africa

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The Global South Media and Think Tank Forum China-Africa Partnership Conference will be held on Thursday and Friday to discuss ways to strengthen global governance and deepen China-Africa cooperation.

More than 200 representatives from over 160 media outlets, think tanks, government organizations and other institutions from China and 41 African countries, as well as the African Union, will gather to engage in discussions under the theme « Reforming Global Governance: New Roles and Visions for China-Africa Cooperation. »

During the forum, guests from Global South countries will hold in-depth discussions on three topics: « China-Africa Commitments to Global Governance Reform, » « China-Africa Action for Global South Revitalization, » and « China-Africa Exchange in Global Civilizational Coexistence. »

Participants will also attend a series of activities, including a cultural exchange event between China’s Hunan Province and its African partners.

The forum will feature the release of a think tank report titled « Jointly Building a New Model of Global Leadership — Work together in Pursuit of a More Just and Rational Global Governance System, » and the launch of the Global South joint communication partnership network « United in Heart, Path and Action — 2026 China-Africa Partnership Empowerment Action Plan. »

Jointly organized by Xinhua News Agency and the African Union, the forum brings together Chinese and African participants with the aim of deepening exchanges and cooperation between media and think tanks.

They seek to amplify the main theme of the all-weather China-Africa community with a shared future for the new era, and to pool wisdom to make the Global South a stabilizing force for safeguarding peace, a pillar of open development, a constructive player in global governance, and a promoter of mutual learning among civilizations. ■

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Xinhua Headlines: Global South media, think tanks pool wisdom to improve global governance

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* Against the backdrop of profound changes unseen in a century, the awakening of the Global South and its growing cooperation have become an indispensable part of the international landscape, with China-Africa cooperation at the core.

* The highlights of China-Africa cooperation represent the Chinese vision of building a community with a shared future for humanity.

The Global South Media and Think Tank Forum China-Africa Partnership Conference opened here on Thursday to explore ways to strengthen global governance and deepen China-Africa cooperation.

The two-day event, co-hosted by Xinhua News Agency, the African Union (AU) and South Africa’s Independent Media, among other partners, gathered more than 200 representatives from over 160 media outlets, think tanks, government organizations and other institutions from China and 41 African countries, as well as the AU.

It focuses on how collaboration between media and think tanks can contribute to shaping a fairer and more inclusive global governance under the theme « Reforming Global Governance: New Roles and Visions for China-Africa Cooperation. »

STRENGTHENING CHINA-AFRICA SYNERGY

Against the backdrop of profound changes unseen in a century, the awakening of the Global South and its growing cooperation have become an indispensable part of the international landscape, with China-Africa cooperation at the core.

In 2015, 2018 and 2021, China successively announced at the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) the implementation of the 10 cooperation plans, eight major initiatives and nine programs, drawing a blueprint for China-Africa cooperation.

Quoting an African proverb, « If you want to go fast, go alone; if you want to go far, go together, » Lyu Yansong, editor-in-chief of Xinhua News Agency, called on media and think tanks to take the conference as an opportunity to build consensus, strengthen solidarity and collaboration, and jointly create a better future in his keynote speech at the opening ceremony.

Addressing the event, Chinese Ambassador to South Africa Wu Peng shared three keywords on China-Africa cooperation — partnership, practicality and prospects.

« China is ready to work with African countries to implement the outcomes of the FOCAC Beijing Summit, further expand win-win cooperation across all fields, and speed up the common modernization of China and Africa, » said Wu.

Noting that the relationship between Africa and China has evolved over decades of solidarity, mutual respect and shared aspirations for development, Leslie Richer, the AU director of information and communication, said that Africa will work with China and other Global South partners to make its voice heard more strongly, while promoting more balanced narratives through closer media and think tank cooperation.

The event featured the launch of the Global South joint communication partnership network « United in Heart, Path and Action — 2026 China-Africa Partnership Empowerment Action Plan, » with the aim of better supporting the shared development of China and Africa.

Applauding the development of the Africa-China relationship, Jonathan Titus-Williams, deputy minister of planning and economic development of Sierra Leone, said that the partnership has long been characterized by solidarity and shared purpose grounded in mutual respect, equality, and a collective aspiration for a just and peaceful world.

As the permanent host of the China-Africa Economic and Trade Expo, China’s Hunan province has made great efforts in recent years to promote cooperation in various fields such as agriculture, green energy and industrial chains with African partners.

Recognizing the expo as an important initiative under the FOCAC’s major action plans, Shen Yumou, head of the Hunan provincial commerce department, said that Hunan has been aiming to enhance China-Africa cooperation, focusing on building six major centers for trade in non-resource products, cross-border e-commerce, industrial development, financial cooperation, logistics and trade promotion, to serve as a strategic hub for China-Africa economic ties.

PROMOTING INCLUSIVE GOVERNANCE

At the conference, the Xinhua Institute, a think tank affiliated with Xinhua News Agency, released a report titled « Jointly Building a New Model of Global Leadership — Work Together in Pursuit of a More Just and Rational Global Governance System. »

The report argues that the world faces a global leadership deficit, reflected in the failure of peace, imbalance in development and discord among civilizations. It calls for a « new model of global leadership, » one that does not emanate from any single country, bloc or international organization, but rather represents a multilateral form of leadership — a synergy forged by the international community in active response to global challenges.

Noting the Global Governance Initiative put forward by China at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Tianjin Summit in September, Lyu said, « Let us put the initiative into practice and jointly shape a just and equitable international order. »

He emphasized that media and think tanks from China and Africa should comprehensively expound on the Global South’s solutions for advancing the reform of the global governance system, and demonstrate the Global South’s strength reflected in the solidarity and cooperation of developing countries.

The remarks by Xinhua’s editor-in-chief resonated strongly with the participants.

« Tunisia and many African countries are key partners in the Global Governance Initiative and support China’s aspiration for a fairer and more equitable world order, » said Najeh Missaoui, chairman and CEO of the Tunis Africa News Agency.

Stressing the media’s role in advancing shared governance, Missaoui noted that the media is no longer just a tool for delivering news or sharing information; it has become a powerful force of cultural influence — shaping public opinion, contributing to decision-making, and nurturing dialogue and mutual understanding among peoples.

Similarly, Ismaila Ceesay, minister for information of The Gambia, said that it is believed that the future of global governance must be inclusive, multipolar and reflective of the rich diversity of human experience.

« China’s support in fostering training, technology transfer and infrastructure development across Africa’s media landscape is a valuable contribution toward this goal, » he added.

FORGING SHARED FUTURE

The highlights of China-Africa cooperation represent the Chinese vision of building a community with a shared future for humanity.

Since the establishment of FOCAC 25 years ago, China and Africa have cooperated on building or upgrading nearly 100,000 km of roads and more than 10,000 km of railways across Africa. Over the past three years, Chinese enterprises have created more than 1.1 million jobs on the African continent. The results of China-Africa cooperation are visible and palpable, and have truly benefited the people of both sides.

Iqbal Surve, chairman of South Africa’s Independent Media, hailed the Africa-China partnership as a beacon of what genuine cooperation can achieve, one grounded in mutual respect, shared goals, and a commitment to building a fairer, more inclusive world order.

« Together, we can build a world that is more balanced, more just, and more humane — a world where every voice counts and every nation thrives, » he added.

From Madagascar’s hybrid rice to agricultural poverty reduction demonstration villages in Sao Tome and Principe, from Ethiopia’s Eastern Industrial Zone to the China-Egypt TEDA Suez Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone, and from Mauritania’s China-Africa Green Technology Park to the geothermal power plant of Sosian Energy in Kenya, the Chinese solutions are boosting the continent’s modernization drive.

Erastus Mwencha, former deputy chairperson of the AU Commission, praised China as one of the countries that really speak and advocate for the Global South, noting that Africa’s Ubuntu philosophy, which means « I am because we are » holds that no one should be left behind, and reflects values that align closely with China’s vision and advocacy.

Noting the importance of an action-led global governance model to address the practical concerns of sustainable peace and development, Peter Kagwanja, president and chief executive of the Africa Policy Institute, said that Africa and China should partner in the proposed Global Governance Initiative as the surest pathway to a reformed and inclusive global governance system.

« It is key to realize the noble dream of a community with a shared future for humanity in a multipolar order, » he added.  

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